Glucose (fasting)
BMP / ElectrolytesNormal range
70–99 mg/dL (fasting)
SI: 3.9–5.5 mmol/L
Critical low: < 40 mg/dL · Critical high: > 450 mg/dL
☎ When to call
< 50 despite treatment, any hypoglycemia with altered consciousness, or > 400 with ketones/ill appearance (possible DKA/HHS) — call now.
What you do
- Symptomatic low: treat per protocol (15–20 g fast carbs if awake; D50 IV or glucagon if not) — RECHECK in 15 min
- High: check ketones if T1DM or > 300; assess hydration; anticipate insulin per sliding scale
- NPO patient on insulin? Clarify the order BEFORE the dose, not after the hypoglycemia
Causes of HIGH glucose
Causes of LOW glucose
Source: Pagana, Mosby's Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests, 7th ed.; ADA Standards of CareReference only — verify against your facility's policy.
